Poetry project Essay

He is that fallen lance that lies as hurled, That lies unlifted now, come dew, come rust, But still lies pointed as it plowed the dust. If we who sight along it round the world, See nothing worthy to have been its mark, It is because like men we look too near, Forgetting that as fitted to the sphere, Our missiles always make too short an arc. They fall, they rip the grass, they intersect The curve of earth, and striking, break their own; They make us cringe for metal-point on stone. But this we know, the obstacle that checked And tripped the body, shot the spirit on Further than target ever showed or shone. How does poetry help you see yourself/your world differently? Imagery Imagery is when the poet describes the items in the poem and the reader can picture or feel as the poet wants them to. When poets use imagery they want the reader to be able to see in their mind what the poem is about. Imagery is used with adjectives. The Gladiator Kevin Prufer When I died When my blood feathered away and I stared blankly and sideways into the grass. When the grass ceased against my cheek, I could not help but remember the gladiator who, in falling, never groans, who, ordered to accept it,  does not contract his neck for the final blow. And the hillside grew quiet. The bombers passed withering the trees and the city to flame. The empire fell. My empire, like a blood drop into the grass. It is of little consequence to the observer if the gladiator falls forward into the dirt. He is of a mind, merely, to do as he is told. He will not see the emperor’s thumbs. His city fell to its knees and burned, rolled on its side, but he won’t think of it. Those who once cheered for him are cheering still. The airplanes flew over the hill and I, crouched in the grass, was terrified but did not look up, did not complain  when a lost bomb startled me away. Seal William Jay Smith See how he dives From the rocks with a zoom! See how he darts Through his watery room Past crabs and eels. And green seaweed Past fluffs of sandy Minnow feed! See how he swims With a swerve and a twist, A flip of the flipper, A flick of the wrist! Quicksilver-quick, Down he plunges Softer than spray, Down he plunges And sweeps away; Before you can think Before you can utter Words like â€Å"Dill pickle† Or â€Å"Apple butter,† Back up he swims Past sting-ray and shark, Out with a zoom, A whoop, a bark; Before you can say Whatever you wish,  He plops at your side With a mouthful of fish! 1. In â€Å"Seal† how does the use of rhyme scheme keep you entertained throughout the poem? 2. After you have read both poems: How do the authors compare and contrast in their use of imagery? Which one did you like better? Why? After you read: How did your poem compare to these ones? How was yours different. Did you like the way these poets used imagery? Why/Why not? Figures of Speech A figure of speech is the use of a word or multiple words that can do many things. Simile – A comparison of two things using like or as. Example: I am as sly as a fox. Metaphor – A comparison of two things not using like or as. Example: Life is a Journey. Personification – Giving an inanimate object human quality. Example: The tree waved. Hyperbole – An extreme exaggeration of something. I stood there, waiting for you, for 74 hours. And there are other kinds of Figures of Speech but these are the most common ones. Before You Read: Do you use figures of speech when you write your poems? Why do you use them or don’t use them? While you are reading: Do you understand these uses of figures of speech? Why does the author use the simile/metaphor/etc. in this way? The Writer Richard Wilbur In her room at the prow of the house Where light breaks, and the windows are tossed with linden, My daughter is writing a story. I pause in the stairwell, hearing From her shut door a commotion of typewriter-keys Like a chain hauled over a gunwale. Young as she is, the stuff Of her life is a great cargo, and some of it heavy: I wish her a lucky passage. But now it is she who pauses, As if to reject my thought and its easy figure. A stillness greatens, in which The whole house seems to be thinking, And then she is at it again with a bunched clamor. Of strokes, and again is silent. I remember the dazed starling Which was trapped in that very room, two years ago; How we stole in, lifted a sash And retreated, not to affright it; And how for a helpless hour, through the crack of the door, We watched the sleek, wild, dark And iridescent creature Batter against the brilliance, drop like a glove To the hard floor, or the desk-top, And wait then, humped and bloody, For the wits to try it again; and how our spirits Rose when, suddenly sure, It lifted off from a chair-back, Beating a smooth course for the right window And clearing the sill of the world. It is always a matter, my darling, Of life or death, as I had forgotten. I wish What I wished you before, but harder. What are frail? Spring blossoms and youth; What are deep? The ocean and truth. How can sorrow be heavy as said in the poem? Today and Tomorrow be brief? Youth be frail? And truth be deep? Sounds of Poetry Sounds of poetry contain many different elements including rhyme, rhythm, onomatopoeia, alliteration, and there subtopics. Rhyme –The repetition of the sound of the stressed vowel and anything after it. Approximate rhyme –Not exact rhyme, not an echo. Internal rhyme –Rhyme inside of a line or lines. End rhyme –Usual rhyme at the end of lines. Rhythm –A musical quality of repetition. Meter –Regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Iamb –Unstressed followed by stressed. Foot –Stressed followed by one or more unstressed. Trochee –opposite of an iamb. Anapest –Two unstressed followed by a stressed. Dactyl –Stressed followed by two unstressed. Spondee –Two stressed syllables. Onomatopoeia –Words that sound like what they mean. Alliteration –The repetition of the same consonant sound in several words. Assonance –The repetition of vowel sounds.

National Statistics of Health Essay

Government statistics The office of National Statistics providing a large range of health and care issues, Publications includes Social Trends and, for more detailed information on health issues, Health Statistical Quarterly. The publication provide a wide range of statistics on birth rates and death rates; infant mortality rate and suicide rates as well as appointments GP’s surgeries and hospital admissions, and these are looked into as social class, gender, age and geographical location. Government statistics also includes the morbidity rates rather than just the mortality rates, which is the amount of people in a specified period of particular diseases in probably a year. They question if it has increased or decreased, then for to be more open and specific they look in to sex, age, geographical location and social class. They will precisely measure the morbidity rates, measured in terms of prevalence of a disease; the total number of cases of specific disease in a certain time and population. Mortality rates and infant mortality rates are usually made for a indicator of health and well-being of population as a whole. Health and well being may be declining within those groups is assumed is a sign, when they are higher or rising in a particular location, or among a particular social group leads to this lie in their social and economic environment. Mortality rates are collected from the official and necessary registration of death. Mortality rates are gathered from the different sources counting GP and hospital appointments, hospital admissions and the registration well known diseases. There has been more according of measuring levels of ill health. Difficulties in measuring health Always important to quote the source of the data when referring to statistics and using them in your work. Statistics should always be treated with awareness. You may not get an accurate picture of health and ill health when the statistics are gathered from official sources. For example some people who aren’t ill assume they are and attend to the doctors, and the ones that are don’t proceed to go to the doctors. Doctors could also assume two different diagnoses, for example one of the patients has been described as depressed just because they feel low and have no energy, as the other patient could be diagnose by post- viral fatigue syndrome. Another doctor  could simply say it’s an result of just them not wanting to go to work. Social class and patterns of health and illness Social Class is linked to health because of four different reasons highlighted in the Black Report, The artifact approach is where the data between the higher and lower classes is not accurate enough, it’s a result of the way the data is source and collected. The social selection explanation is when people who are fitter and in better health have a better chance of being employed in better jobs. In comparison to people in lower social groups according to this theory will suffer more ill health and premature death because they are naturally less healthy and fit. Cultural explanations is when lifestyle choices are made regarding diet, smoking, exercise have an impact and make people less healthy than others in the higher social groups. People from the lower class occupations work in more manual situations than the upper class occupations. This can have a bad effect on the manual workers health as they are exposed to lifting and harmful environments. Statistics are treated with c aution however there is a great amount of evidence that health, ill health and life expectancy are unsure according to social group and importantly social class. People with a higher class are living better and enjoying better health, rather than the lower social group. The Black (Townsend et al), report the most influential modern studies that consider the reasons of differences. And following of by that are the Acheson Report (1998) defining and explaining comprehensive explanations of the relationships, with in the social and environment factors and health illness and life expectancy. The Black Report introduced four types of explanations of ways that will account for the differences in levels of illness and life expectancy, experienced by variety of social classes. The researches were made to think that the changes in health and well being were affected by how much their pay rate is; their income which then affects the environment they live in, quality and housing. There are four sociological explanations, 1 the statistical artefact explanation, 2 material or structural explanations, 3 cultural or behaviour explanations and number 4, the natural or social selection. The statistical artefact explanation The Black Report explains that the differences could not be defined by the point that the statistics produced a biased picture. They disagreed with people in the lower social class had a higher number of older people and people working in the usual ways to be in more dangerous industries , and would expect that they would have higher levels in illness, then the more younger people working in offices, cal centres and the other services industries. This shows that it’s not much of a social class more about the age, structure and patterns of employment of people, in the lowest classes which really describe the differences. Recently there has still been shown of links between the low social class and high levels of illness and lower life expectancy even when it has been researched for the bias in employment and age. Natural or Social selection The reason for illness is apparently associated to having low wages, poverty, poor housing making people ill in the lower social class. It’s also been said that there is higher infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy for adults; however, it is the other way round. The people in the lower social class being in poor health aim for promotions and success. On the other had this explanation for sociologist is denied , they think because there is evidence to show that ill health is caused by the deprived reason other than making it happen. Cultural or behavioural explanations This concentrates on the choices and life decision people make, their life styles and behaviour in the lower social classes. They explain evidence with people in lower class, smoke more, drink more, eat more junk food and have lack in exercise, according to having a poor life style. Also are more likely to die of heart disease, form of cancer, bronchitis and diabetes all because of the poor lifestyle choices. They smoke and drink to help them cope with their life difficult circumstances that come across, not the other way round. Material or structural explanations The material explanation is known to think the social groups for whom life expectancy is less, and the infant whom mortality rates are to go higher. Suffering poorer health then the other groups, straight forward explanation for that are inequalities in wealth and income. Poverty occurs when having  low incomes, which then leads to having poor diets, lacking in everything else they need to live every day.

What is a Referendum and what are the arguments against them?

1) What is a Referendum? A referendum is when a citizen (18+) is asked to express their opinion on a certain issue or proposal. Unlike an election this process is not binding and the outcome is open to discussion. A referendum can result in a new constitution, law, amendment, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of direct democracy. 2) A referendum is when a citizen (18+) is asked to express their opinion on a certain issue or proposal. Many have been issued in the past; examples of this are, 11 September 1997. Tony Blair issued a pre-legislative referendum held in Scotland asking whether there was support for the creation of a Scottish Parliament with devolved powers, and whether the Parliament should have tax-varying powers. The reason for this was the Labor party had just won the election and included in their manifesto was the establishment of a Scottish Parliament. 4th November 2004, Tony Blair (Labor Party) issued a referendum in Northern England. The votes concerned the question of devolving limited political powers from the UK Parliament to elected regional assemblies in North East England, North West England, Yorkshire and the Humber. The reason for this was Labor government attempted to introduce regional assemblies, to be directly elected. 5th May 2011, the ‘Alternative Vote’ referendum was drawn up as part of the Conservative- Liberal Democrat coalition, to be asked across the whole U.K. The Referendum concerned whether to replace the present voting system with an alternative one. This was because the Labor government, who were previously in power in 2010, used their majority to pass an amendment to their Constitutional Reform Bill to include a referendum on the introduction of AV to be held in the next Parliament, naming a desire to restore trust in Parliament in the wake of the 2009 expenses scandal. 3) Arguments against Referendums In this essay i will talk about the arguments against referendums, the effects and sometimes consequences it can incur. A referendum is when a citizen (18 years and above) is asked to express their opinion on a particular issue. In Britain, referendums date back to 1973 and ever since has been used as a mechanism for feedback on issues regarding laws, voting systems and so on, its a form of direct legislation, used selectively. Those who are against direct legislation will argue that the use of referendums is an opening for politicians to absolve themselves of responsibility for making difficult decisions. When representatives know that ultimately the result of their efforts may be reversed by the process of referendum, they will take little interest in the discharge of their legislative duties. It doesn't even reflect well on the party issuing it. If the measure succeeds at the popular vote the credit for it goes to the people and if it doesn't, the blame goes to the legislature. We elect a Prime Minister, legislatures, to make the decisions of how to run our country. By electing, its an official notion that we trust them to conduct, obviously voting the party who's manifesto we are partial to. Referendums are useful, yes, but how does it make legislatures look when matters such as ‘do you want a Mayer'- 1998, Tony Blair are issued. When was the time when legislatures took the bull by its horns and made decisions for the good of the nation and not based on doing what the people want so they'll get voted in the next election. As Margaret Thatcher once said, â€Å"if you just set out to be liked, you would be prepared to compromise on anything wouldn't you and you would achieve nothing†. Referendums seem to be a vehicle to become the apple of the nations eye to the point that in 1997 elections- The Labor party promised in their manifesto a referendum for the establishment of a Scottish parliament knowing that Scotland wanted it but just didn't get enough votes last time. Governments are also unlikely to hold them unless they are fairly confident they will win the vote, which was the case in 2004, the devolution referendum for the North East. Labor wanted to create English Regional Assemblies and thought they would win the vote therefore created three referendums only for the first one to be rejected by the public. And this being the case, the government are unlikely to be neutral participants and the phrasing of the questions can distort the results. So is a referendum really the government wanting us to tick the yes so they can blame us if something goes wrong? Apart from the time consuming, expensive and tedious way that is involved in a referendum, after all that, who's to say that people will vote? One of the criticisms against direct legislation and a really compelling one, relates to the small size of the votes cast at a referendum. The result of the ballot does not fairly represent popular opinion, because in most cases, opponents of the issue will go to the polls in larger proportion than its supporters. Moreover, when people are frequently asked to cast their votes, as is when Tony Blair was elected in 1997, making referendums a much more important part of politics, they'll begin to abstain from voting. Its nice to be included in the decision but people become tired of voting after a while. The result is that the decision arrived at is that of the minority and it becomes difficult to know whether there is any public opinion at all on the referendum. Seeing as the referendum is time consuming, it sometimes involves harmful delays in passing many laws of vital national importance. All this takes away from the educative value of the referendum. When you have citizens who are not interested in public affairs and the issue is of national importance, the referendum becomes a comedy. As was the case in June 1975 when the Labor government had a power split on the issue of Europe and issued a referendum across the whole United Kingdom- ‘Do you want to stay in the EC?' Because of this time gap, while the ballot is lying on your kitchen table, coverage on the issue from the media whether it is newspapers, TV etc. can significantly influence the result. Whereas if the issue would have been dealt with in parliament alone- you would not get the opinion of people who are paid to keep people entertained. The real difference between direct action and the action of the legislatures are the voters cannot assemble and discuss matters and consequently the opportunity to arrive at truth is lost. Truth emerges from the clash of opinions. Which brings us back to the substantialness of referendums. Finally, some could argue that referendums undermine (or have potential to) Parliamentary Sovereignty. Parliament is certainly threatened by the use of referendums. Referendums put the people before the parliament. The sovereignty of parliament becomes the sovereignty of the people, introducing direct democracy into the political system, challenges the indirect, representative democracy that has been the essence of UK political system. If the people vote one way, their representatives another, who should prevail, who is sovereign? In conclusion the manner in which the referendum is used reflects greatly on the government and at times can make you question the quality of the governments political parties. The referendum can be of great use but whether the pro outweigh the cons or vice versa is relative to the issue at hand. Using the drawbacks we've discussed one can assume or hope that if legislatures had an option, referendums would not be their first choice.

Criminal Justice Policy Issue (Immigration in Arizona) Essay

Criminal Justice Policy Issue (Immigration in Arizona) - Essay Example Therefore, in order to prevent illegal immigration in the American States, it is relevant not only to take strict measures, but also take into account human rights, the rights of immigrants and develop immigration policies in accordance with socially favorable norms and conditions. Immigration policy in Arizona The main goal of the immigration law in Arizona is to make stricter regulations on immigration measures. For example, a failure of having immigration documents is positioned as a crime and the police have power to detain anyone who is in the country illegally. Such measures are considered to be acts of discrimination focused on Hispanics. The rights of the Mexican residents are in danger in terms of this immigration law. Moreover, this policy is even named â€Å"Nazism†. There are numerous court challenges, which occurred in the result of this policy implementation. There is an evident intimidation for the community distrust, increased level of crimes, expensive litigat ion, national repercussions (Engstrom, 2010). Arizona immigrants are obliged to carry the identity documents, which underline their legitimate presence on the American land. Nevertheless, the developers of this law project are more focused on a facilitation of law carrying out. Law enforcement measures are introduced at a governmental level and there is a need to act in compliance with the laws. There was a striking event concerning the background of law enforcement. A rancher in southern Arizona was killed and it triggered Ms. Brewer and other governmental leaders to intensify the protection on the National border by the National Guard troops. Therefore, there are hostile moods among Hispanics and they are against intensification of their immigration. On behalf of the police, it is currently relevant to detain those people who are suspected to be on the American lands without authorization and identification. Only medical treatment of a suspected individual or his/her involvement i n an investigation would hinder this process. Moreover, local government is under pressure and scrutinized attention from the community because it can be sued in case it violates federal or state immigration law enforcement. There is an essential social turmoil in the State because of the immigration law enforcement introduction. Hispanic voters are much concerned about this law and they can be influenced in the process of elections in case of law enforcement prevention. Thus, it is relevant to create a favorable atmosphere of immigration law enforcement. In case it is prevented in different states and cities, it is relevant to talk about removal of â€Å"sanctuary rules† at the federal level. State Sen. Russell Pearce (R-Mesa) invented the Immigration Law of Arizona State and he underlines that the positive changes of the law enforcement are the following ones: Immigrants would be unable to avoid obtaining adequate alien registration document. Officers would be enabled to ar rest immigrants in case the latter cannot show their legal identification of presence on the American lands. Soft immigration enforcement and sanctuary rules would be disabled and would not be regulated by local governments. Street traffic will not be on halt because of overcrowding due to immigrants looking for employement. Evidently, these are rather strict measures taken against immigrants in the State of Arizona. Brewer experienced protesters’ demands of reforms prevention, but promised to treat everyone fairly

European politics and Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

European politics and Economy - Assignment Example This has forced political actors in Europe to stake out positions on two fundamental issues: the structure of political authority in Europe, and the role of the state -- at whatever territorial level -- in the economy. To what extent should market activity be regulated at the European level, and to what extent -- if at all -- should the European Union redistribute from rich to poor In short, what form of capitalism do Europeans want The institutional design of current cohesion policy has broad-ranging implications for EU governance. At the meso-level, it promotes a change in governance from public steering of social processes to self-governing networks of public and private actors. Public authorities provide the institutional framework that reduces transaction costs and encourages highly organized social subsystems to mobilize indigenous resources (Kohler-Koch 1996, 1998). The result is that authoritative actors at European, national or subnational level are compelled to collaborate with private actors. At the macro-level, current EU cohesion policy is designed to give shape to a multi-level polity. It opens up intergovernmental bargaining among national governments to other governmental actors, and it upgrades limited collaboration among all these actors to more intensive, and more binding, commitments. This challenges state-centric governance in three ways: European institutions set general rules and co-ordin ate; subnational authorities participate in making decisions; and the three parties are in a relationship of mutual dependency rather than hierarchy (Marks, 1996). From the vantage point of traditional social policy, the objectives of the 1988 reform are modest. For one thing, the reformed EU cohesion policy gives priority to one type of cohesion problem: spatial economic disparities among regions (and to a lesser extent, local areas). Almost no emphasis is put on disparities between social groups and individuals within states, regions or local areas (McAleavey and De Rynck, 1997). Furthermore, the 1988 cohesion policy may actually impede efforts to create EU citizenship, because it supports programmes only to the extent that it helps economic functionality or alleviates particular financial needs, and it does not justify cohesion efforts as a social entitlement (Anderson, 1995; McAleavey and De Rynck, 1997). One might therefore argue that current cohesion policy is merely the least bad solution in an opportunity structure inhospitable to European social policy.[2] However, the purpose of European regulated capitalism has not been to emulate tr aditional social policies at European level, but to formulate a viable alternative to European neoliberalism as well as to ineffective national welfare politics (Hooghe and Marks, 1998). From that perspective, current cohesion policy appears far more effective. The most influential advocate of European regulated capitalism has been former Commission president Jacques Delors (Delors, 1992; Ross, 1995). Most centre-left and, selectively, Christian Democratic parties in Europe have come to support the project, but the coalition also includes trade unionists, environmentalists, local and regional governmental actors, and even certain business representatives at

Culture and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Culture and Change - Essay Example Usual change condition in an organisation is generated by the forces such as rationalising, reconsidering the methods of conducting business, increasing outsourcing, developing methods for minimising time and acquisition among others. Organisational Dynamics The worth of change in organisations is embedded in financial organisational performance. Financial approaches concentrate on shareholders and consumers as the most significant stakeholders and involve objective analogy in effective, reliable and manageable performance procedures presented on a mutual stage. Organisational change is not viable if it is not rooted in the improvement of human resources. As human resource experts are walking into the role of change leader in organisations increasingly, an understanding to change dynamics has become gradually more important. Organisational change is often considered as quick or slow and actively recognised or unwaveringly opposed by employees in organisations. These characteristics f ocus on emerging human resource dynamics of change which are resistance to change, willingness for change and establishment of drive for change. The hindrance to organisational change is more frequently inherent in organisation’s structure such as performance appraisal system or remuneration scheme which are not associated appropriately with expected behaviour of employees (Jansen, 2000). The essay concentrates on one emerging aspect of human resource dynamics of organisational change i.e. resistance to change. The paper considers the themes such as organisational culture, psychology of change, leadership, politics, power, learning, change agents and theories of organisational change with respect to human resource dynamic. The objective of the paper is to evaluate how human resource dynamic influences and facilitates to manage change within organisation. Resistance to Change Resistance to change is one of the major aspects of organisation dynamics which impacts upon change wi thin organisations. Resistance among employees occur when they find it difficult to recognise or evaluate the situation of organisation. Besides, resistance also happens when organisational change threatens the present circumstances and increases the concern about fictional outcomes after change. Occasionally, the self-centredness of employees, for instance, lack of future vision, lack of aptitude and anxiety of repositioning of work structure also fuel the resistance to change. Recognising the reasons for resistance help organisations to prevent disasters and improve the organisational change procedure (Yuh-Shy, n.d.). Organisation Culture and Change Organisational culture is the sole and the most significant aspect liable for success or failure in an organisation. Organisational culture is considered as an adaptable or core metaphor for intellectualising organisation. Culture is a mechanism related with fulfilling of particular requirements of the employee force. Organisational cu lture is viewed as governable by management and it contributes to the overall equilibrium and efficiency of organisation. In

Human production Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human production - Assignment Example At puberty, the kiss1 gene activates GPR54 gene which then activates hypothalamus to produce GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone); a hormone that stimulates pituitary gland to produce hormones that affect testicles and ovaries. In males, testosterone is produced that affects the development of testes and penis along with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. In females, estradiol is produced by ovaries and it brings about the development of reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. An additional effect is the onset of menarche. 6. Spermatogenesis may be divided into three phases: spermatocytogenesis which is a proliferative phase; meiosis which produced cells containing half number of chromosomes and spermiogenesis (mitosis allows division of spermatogonia and they develop into primary spermatocytes and during Meiosis 2 secondary spermatocytes are produced) in which spermatozoa are produced. Seminiferous tubules allow spermatozoa a channel to pass through. Spermiogenesis comes to an end when spermatozoa are released from sertoli cells. Androgen (testosterone) is produced by Leydig cells. 7. Sperms are produced within seminiferous tubules from where they migrate to epididymis. They are stored here until maturation. During ejaculation, the sperm travel from epididymis to vas deferens, the ampulla. At this point other secretions are added to the sperms and the mixture is then propelled towards the ejaculatory duct and then while passing through urethra prostrate gland’s secretions is added. The combination of all these products is now known as semen which takes on a milky color; a secretion that is then expelled out of the body. Uterus is made up of layers of smooth muscle and it is hollow from within. It consists of an isthmus, cervix, fundus and a body. During menstruation, the inner lining show growth of tissue; preparation of the uterus for implantation if

Elements of a risk management program Term Paper

Elements of a risk management program - Term Paper Example The American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) established in1980, responded to the probing risk management interest. With time other entities such as those of ambulatory care, long-term care began to implement risk management program since they realized its value (ASHRM, 2009). This paper will analyze ways of presenting a healthcare risk management program to new employees especially, evaluate its acceptance and compliance and suggest recommendations on the same. It will also examine the administration process of management of the program with ASHRM as the case study. Since the world is dynamic, risks also change with passing time, so does the management of risks. Youngberg (1998) holds that with the changing nature of risk management, effective communication lies in the centrality of risk management program. Thus, lines of communication must be open for a successful risk management program. There should be open lines of communication between staff, employees and the team of healthcare professionals as a whole: nursing staff, ancillary staff, administration and medical staff. Education is a very vital element in risk management program of a health care organization. New employees who may not be familiar with the organization’s policies, risk management measures and ways of addressing them would be of dire need of this education more than other employees. However, this does not mean that the rest of the organization’s staff would be cut off. Before the presentation, the risk manager should create a checklist for the program’s objectives; that is what the educator would want the attendee to gain from the program. Another checklist to remind the educator of the administrative issues related to the program should also be established. The risk manager or educator should then hold a mandatory formal meeting that would include both new and other employees of the healthcare organization. The educator’s credibility is essential for

RadioShack Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

RadioShack Corporation - Case Study Example With stiff competition in the market and emergence of newer technologies, margins of the company are under pressure as of now, but the company has not yet given up. Its product line include wireless telephones and communication devices such as scanners and two-way radios; flat panel televisions, residential telephones, DVD players, computers and direct-to-home ('DTH') satellite systems; home entertainment, wireless, imaging and computer accessories; general and special purpose batteries; wire, cable and connectivity products; and digital cameras, radio-controlled cars and other toys, satellite radios and memory players. RadioShack also provides third-party services such as wireless telephone and DTH satellite activation, satellite radio service, prepaid wireless airtime and extended service plans to its customers (Datamonitor, 2007, 5). RadioShack started off in 1921 with a one-store retail and mail order operation in the heart of the downtown Boston when two brothers, Theodore and Milton Deutschmann pooled their efforts. The name "RadioShack," was arrived at after considering the most useful radio technology at that time i.e. the shipping radio signals2. RadioShack signifies the small, wooden structure which housed a ship's radio equipment. Therefore, it was thought that the name would be appropriate for a store that would supply the needs of radio officers aboard ships, as well as "ham" radio operators. Gradually, the store started becoming quite a useful one in the Northeast, and became a leading electronics mail-order distributor to hobbyists. And it continued to fulfill the needs of the amateur radio operators and other radio enthusiasts for couple of decades. The company also issued its first catalog in early 1940s, considered a luxury till that time. It opened its first audio comparator showroom for customer s to view audio equipment in 1947. Same year, the company started visualizing the opportunity in the hi-fi equipment market and entered the high-fidelity market with the nations' first audio store in 1947. This store provided comparisons of speakers, amplifiers, turntables and phonograph cartridges. In the mid-1950s, RadioShack began selling its own private-label product line with the Realistic brand name, a variation of Realist, which had been used earlier3. The store chain kept growing in strength and by the early 1960s it had nine retails stores and a mail-order business under its name. Soon, it was a leading distributor of electronic parts and products to do-it-yourselfers around the world. Sooner thereafter, the company started feeling the pinch when the company's some of the poor operating practices took its toll and it fell on hard times. The company was later purchased by Charles Tandy, a successful entrepreneur in leather business, in 1963 for the equivalent of $300,000 cas h. And the dwindling fortunes of the company started looking up once again when Charles Tandy turned out a plan of action for the newly acquired business. Tandy opened RadioShack stores in Australia, Belgium, France, Germany and Holland in 1969. RadioShack sold its first electronic calculator in the year 1972. Subsequently in early 1970s, Tandy Corporation started wrapping up its leather business to concentrate on radio equipment only. By 1975 it became exclusively an electronics company after it spun off all other operations into Tandycrafts and Tandy Brands4. In 1986,

Using appropriate frameworks, theories and models introduced in the Essay

Using appropriate frameworks, theories and models introduced in the course of the strategic module, identify the strategic challenges faced by the target organi - Essay Example While this move should enhance NTL’s short-term financial outlook and may generate a measure of excitement for customers and investors, the gains may not outweigh the long-term strategic liabilities inherent in both companies pre-merger and likely, post-merger. Fiscally, growth may prove to be a risky strategy for a company that has dealt with financial difficulty in the recent past. Yet, market conditions may have left NTL with little alternative but to seize growth opportunities when they are possible. This study will analyze how NTL’s recent acquisition of TeleWest fits and contrasts with the outline Bob de Wit and Ron Meyer present in their book Strategy Synthesis (2005). The book creates a fundamental framework for scrutinizing the strategic coherence from business, corporate, and network levels, the industry and international contexts, as well as the organizational context and organizational purpose. Because NTL is such a large and diversified organization, the unit of analysis will be mostly limited to NTL’s residential cable, digital television, and pay TV services within the U.K, all under the umbrella unit, NTL Cable PLC. It will begin by providing a general overview of NTL, and its recent acquisitions. The study will then analyze how actual events and strategies from NTL’s brain trust compare with the topical outline from de Wit and Meyer. Finally, this study will discuss the results of this analysis and provide a prognosis for the future of this grow ing company. A brainchild of the new global economy, NTL Incorporated (NTLD) is a U.S. company, founded in Delaware in 1993, as International CableTel, and headquartered in New York. The business opportunity was created in 1991, with British deregulation of cable and telecommunications services, and founder George Blumenthal’s 1993 acquisition of Insight UK’s cable systems and its roughly one million household customersi. Changing its

Lindt of Switzerland Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Lindt of Switzerland - Assignment Example This report aims to understand what contributes to such significant growth for Lindt in a market environment that is sustaining limited growth. The research consists of a micro-level and macro-level analysis of the UK market, explores aspects of consumer behaviour in the chocolates industry, and other relevant factors that impact the apparent market success of the organisation. How Lindt has managed to achieve significant growth when many other competitors are struggling to achieve substantial increases in revenues requires an in-depth investigation of the brand, its competitive strategies and integrated marketing communications utilised in the UK market. This paper highlights that  to fully explore Lindt’s apparent market success, Porter’s Five Forces Model is a viable method by which to examine in the micro-level factors impacting the business. This model includes five dimensions that pose risks or opportunities for the firm, including competitive rivalry, threat of substitutes, buyer and supplier power in the market, as well as threat of new entrants.  Competitive rivalry advantages for Lindt could explain the firm’s superior revenue growth achievements. Lindt maintains an advantage of having a very highly recognised brand name, having been a chocolate producer since 1845.  The company positions itself in terms of quality, drawing on a promotional strategy which emphasises product superiority over that of competition.

Campaign Speech Essay Example for Free

Campaign Speech Essay To our beloved beautiful, sexy and ever dynamic campus administrator Dr. Ma. Evengeline P. Perez, to the different chairs of different departments, to the faculty and staff of this institution, to my co-aspirants and to the best students of the whole world, a pleasant afternoon to each in everyone. We are convened here this afternoon for another remarkable and momentous activity in our lives as students, for this afternoon’s activity is considered as one of our greatest decision-making in our lives as students. A wise decision in choosing a leader who will serve as your voice and will hear and answer your queries towards your rights as one of the important stakeholders of this institution. My fellow Cenphilians, the man standing in front of you right now is an aspirant to become a leader, who had bore in mind that being a leader is not an opportunity to rule over the others nor to enslave other people. For me, becoming a leader is a great challenge and responsibility to continue the good administration done by the previous people in authority on the Supreme Student Government or otherwise known as the SSG. I being an aspirant leader of the said organization, would like to continue hearing your voices as what the previous administration did, in order that you can express and exercise your freedom of speech. And I as an aspirant, will serve as your stairway that your voices will be recognized as a student until everything will be okay. And as been said by a not so intelligent creature in the cartoon Spongebob Square Pants, â€Å"Everything will be okay at the end; if it is not okay, yet it is not the end† that is according to Patrick the Starfish. Yes this is really true my fellow cenphilians, and actually one of the reasons why I ran on this organization is that I want to encourage and influence everyone to pursue your dreams. If you haven’t ask me, I am one of the indigent students of this institution but still I am strong enough to overcome the challenges in life being a student. The courage I have in myself, forces me to ran as a leader, thinking that if God’s well, I can influence others in a positive way. And if ever I may not be lucky enough today, still I can assure you, you can still come on me for some motivations and advices, and I will never hesitate myse lf to help and comfort you in terms of your problems. Cause I ran thinking that I am not just be a leader but also will set myself as your â€Å"Manong† who is willing to guide and help you in terms of any unavoidable  difficulties in school or even outside the school premises (financially not involve). I can also be your friend for I am willing to render an extra ordinary services for the goodness of everybody that will enhance our personality for the betterment of the entire community. Lastly, I ran as a president on the SSG execom with a purpose of having a positive changes in our institution throughout my leadership to maintain our name on top, CPSU CAUAYAN UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, and I want that changes to be solicited from you. For I believe, as what a wise man says that, a good leader is always a good follower and yes Indeed. And if ever I became a leader, I want a fair treatment to every students, and being a president in God’s well is not my only chance but everybody’s chance to express your thoughts and ideas for the betterment of the campus, because hopefully, I Arjay T. Bando a 3rd year BEED student, is an open-minded, trustworthy and approachable person is ready to serve you my fellow Cenphilians with all my heart and up to the best that I can. Of course, all of these things would not be materialized without your support my fellow Cenphilians. Let us work in hand and hand, all together for the success of our plans. So I am asking for your full support to please vote me, don’t forget my name Arjay Bando aspiring to be the next President of the Supreme student Government for the school year 2015-2016,and together with my senators â€Å"maga isa kita padulong sa kauswagan sng aton Institution†. Read more:  Campaign Speech Examples

Gattaca Film Synopsis and Analysis

Gattaca Film Synopsis and Analysis Gattaca is a film regarding not only the troubling implications of excessive gene therapy, but also how it could be used in a sort of dystopian society where your genetic profile divides you into different castes. This society is one in which enough money can buy you the ideal designer child not only free of genetic defects but also with superior physical attributes. The main character is one of the few people born without genetic tampering. He is not expected to live very long as he has a congenital heart defect, but he has a dream to become an astronaut, one which he can never attain. The sort of funny thing about this is that someone in his condition would be unable to become an astronaut today, not only due to his heart problems but also his myopia. Regardless he is subject to genetic discrimination, because he has these problems he is considered a low class citizen. Another character, named Jerome, is meant to have the best genetic profile ever created and is an all-star swimmer . Even though he has been designed to be the best, he only takes second in a swimming competition. This being too much to bear, of course, leads to him attempting suicide. He manages to only paralyze himself from the waist down. The main character Vincent is then able to buy his identity, by increasing his height, using contacts matching Jeromes eye color and also obtaining blood, urine and tissue samples to pass any genetic tests. Vincent is now an imposter, and although the legal ramifications would not be too extreme, if he was found out the social repercussions would be monumental. He is shirking all of the social mores set up by this society of genetic castes. He quickly obtains a job at the Gattaca Aerospace Corporation through only a urine test, because his fake genes are so impressive. Vincent then proceeds to eventually achieve his goal of becoming an astronaut and leaves for Saturns moon, Titan. Jerome on the other had ends up committing suicide using an incinerator in his house, wearing his silver medal, as the rocket takes off. The irony of this whole movie is that Vincent who was seen as a second class citizen due to his genetic makeup was able to achieve his dreams through sheer determination and force of will. But, Jerome who had been groomed to be almost some sort of ubermensch, failed, despite his genetics. The thing that makes this movie really interesting and applicable today is that some of these genetic screening processes already exist today. And it doesnt seem entirely unfeasible that most if not all of these genetic therapy processes will be possible in the next ten to twenty years. Now I do not believe that our society will fall into the complete dystopia that was the case in the movie, but at the same time most people today are so vain that they would probably dump some money into genetically purifying their children. So although we may not fall into an absolute caste system based on genetics, certain parts of genetic screening could be applied to facets of our everyday lives that may have slightly malicious consequences. Imagine having to go through a genetic screening in order to apply for health insurance. If you had markers for too many genetic defects the insurance company may see you as an unnecessary risk and reject you. In which case how could you be expected to pay for all of your own medical expenses. If there is any blame to be assigned to anyone for the state of the society in the film, it is to the citizens in that society who allowed things to get so out of hand. I could see the government running propaganda campaigns attempting to make the genetic purity of the nation the way to a better tomorrow. But, the way that everyone would have had to have bought this idea and allow the government and the corporations to run away with such a concept is insane. Its not entirely unheard of though, in Nazi Germany genetic purity of the Arian race was paramount among everyone and the one extreme that the movie did not go to was that instead of just being discriminated against people who were seen with inferior genes were executed. Gattaca basically demonstrates a soft version of eugenics. Even though you are seen as having defective genes, you are still allowed to live, just not to the extent that the more genetically superior people are. I suppose that a lot of blame could be put on whoev er the insane person that was put into power who was trying to push these ideals, but then again in a republic the blame falls back on the people. The general message of Gattaca is that its not so much what your born into but how much youre willing to strive to overcome obstacles and achieve your goals. So if policies like these do come into place hopefully people would see this as a cautionary tale. Like I said earlier, were probably not too far off from being able to completely genetically engineer a child, the strange thing about having a genetically engineered child is that, at that point is it even your child? Like sure you care for it and birthed it but, it carries none of your genes. It leads to a perversion of the prime directive of life, to carry on ones own genes. The other takeaway from the movie is that while genetic screening is not in and of itself evil, and is actually a major medical advancement that can lead to much healthier lives for people. But when taken in a direction such as it was taken in the film it can lead to discrimination and prejudice based off of things that are out of anyones control. As a cautionary tale Gattaca does evoke some ideas for what could be done to prevent such things from happening. It should be insured that all genetic screening information remain private, only between the medical professionals and the patients. Im pretty sure that there are laws already in place to prevent genetic information from becoming public. The popular genetic screening service 23andme used to give out medical information from genetic samples, including markers and health risk factors to people who requested screenings. This is no longer done, because it could involve a serious breach in confidentiality in addition to possibly unnecessarily scaring people into thinking they had something seriously wrong with them. Medical genetic screenings should only ever be done by medical personnel with the express purpose of helping the patient. Screening to see if your child is going to be the next Usain Bolt is not only not what the purpose of these screenings is or should be, but also is just unethical because of the standards that that child would be held to in life. Much like Jerome, who was meant to become the best and most athletic swimmer but only took second in the competition. Where normally second place is still an incredible achievement, in this scenario where the person is meant to be the best, second is seen as a failure. Gattaca is a story set not far into the future, and pretty soon it will be set in the present. Genetic screenings, while having their place in medicine can also be very volatile if their usage expands beyond that. Using genetic screening to get ahead of the ball, so to speak, on medical issues is a very valuable asset to doctors and patients alike. However, using someones genetics as a way to screen for a job or healthcare benefits or in any other fashion that impacts where their place is in society is not only scary but exceptionally unethical.

Selecting Channel Members

Selecting Channel Members Distribution plays an important role in the implementation of the international marketing program as it enables the products and services to reach the ultimate customer. And international marketing firm has the option of managing its distribution function either directly or indirectly through middleman or a suitable combination of the two. Due to physical distance, and also the differences in geographical, cultural and market characteristics of the trading countries, use of middlemen is found quite prevalent in international marketing. In fact, distribution is one such primary functions of marketing which makes use of the services of external independent agencies that bind the firm in a long term relationship. International Distribution Channels:- Distribution has two elements, the institutional and the physical. Physical distribution aspects cover transport and warehousing. The longer the channel, the more likely that producers profits will be indirectly reduced. This is because the end products price may be too expensive to sell in volume, sufficient for the producer to cover costs. Yet cutting channel length may be impossible, as country infrastructure requirements may dictate them being there. As already mentioned international marketers have the options of organizing distribution of their goods in foreign markets through the use of indirect channels, i.e. Using intermediaries, direct channels or a combination of the two in the same or different markets. Indirect Distribution Indirect channels are further classified based on whether the international marketer makes use of domestic intermediaries. An international marketer therefore, can make use of the following types of intermediaries for distribution in foreign markets. Domestic Overseas Intermediaries Commission buying agents Country-controlled buying agents Export management companies (EMCs) Export merchants Export agents Piggy backing Foreign Intermediaries Foreign Sales Representatives Foreign Sales Agents Foreign Stocking and Non-Stocking Agents State Controlled Trading Companies Direct Distribution The options available to international marketer in organizing direct distribution include sending missionary skies representatives abroad from the headquarter, setting up of local sales/branch office in the foreign country or for a region, establishing a subsidiary abroad, entering into a joint venture or franchising agreement. Companies having long-term interest in international marketing find it expedient to deploy their own sales force in foreign markets. This helps them in increasing their sales volume through committed market development activities, better control and motivation of foreign intermediaries being used, and paving the way for smoother transition to direct distribution and marketing. International Distribution Policy:- The international distribution policy of a firm according to Cateora, should cover the following factors: Question of control, size of margins, length of channels, terms of sale and channel ownership. Resource (money and personnel) commitment plans for the distribution function management keeping profit goals in a foremost position. Specific market goals expressed in terms of volume, market share and margin requirements, to be accomplished. Return on investment, sales volume and long run potential as well as guidelines for solving routine distribution problems, and The relationship between long-and short-term goals, the extent of the companys involvement in the distribution system as well as the extent of its ownership of middlemen. Adapting to distribution patterns Notwithstanding, the international distribution policy of the company, the factor of flexibility to adapt the distribution policy to local conditions of the foreign markets is very crucial for effective results. A clear understanding of the target market characteristics covering aspects such as traditions and conventions in the wholesaling and retail distribution patterns shopping habits of customers including customers reliance on channel members for product information and servicing; commercial terms; and legal requirements help define the selection of channel. The following trends help to illustrate the need to the above analysis for suitable adaptation of the distribution patterns: In the US, there has been a rapid expansion of large supermarkets and other retail chains, and also the deep-vertical integration into wholesale and manufacturing by large retail houses: In Sweden, a powerful consumer-oriented cooperative movement handles a substantial business in food, petroleum, etc. In Mexico, there is a modern retail distribution for the urban people, and traditional outlets and public distribution system exists for the poor. In China, wholesalers mainly control the Chinese distribution system. In Japan, large trading companies, handle half of Japanese trade while a large number of wholesale and retail outlets help products to penetrate in its market. In Saudi Arabia, a small number of hands approved by the royal family control its manufacturer-wholesaler retailer distribution system. Agents in Foreign Markets Agents, known by different names and performing varying functions in different foreign markets, have a historically established place in international distribution. While agents do not take the title to the goods, their importance stems from: local language proficiency, access to important policy and decision-makers, overcoming business culture differences, short circuiting the buying-selling process, and performing the cumbersome formalities and complying with routines and procedures of the foreign market. Selecting Distribution Channels and Channel Members:- Channels are an integrative part of the marketers activities and as such are very important. They also give a very vital information flow to the exporter. A channel is an institution through which goods and services are marketed. Channels give place and time utilities to consumers. In order to provide these and other services, channels charge a margin. The, longer the channel the more margins are added. Within the overall international distribution policy of the firm, the factors of: capital requirements; level of distribution costs; desired extent of control over distribution channel; depth of market coverage; product-market distribution pattern characteristics; competitive practices; legal requirements; and Short-term versus long-term involvement of the firm in international marketing govern the choice of distribution channels. Basically the choice comes down to two alternatives, the producer /seller selling direct or through an international merchant or agent. This is followed by the development of criteria for the selection of specific intermediaries. The criteria generally includes factors as financial soundness, local government contacts, business reputation, distribution network, technical support and infrastructural facilities (esp. relating to heavy industrial goods), business experience and managerial expertise, commercial terms, and extent of exclusivity to the international marketer. As the selection of the channel members commit the marketer to them for a relatively long period of time, their selection involves a cautious process and a careful analysis and referencing. Some international marketers make us of an elaborate process in this regard which begins with relative rating of candidate firms on pre-determined criteria. After the channel member is selected it is a prudent business practice to enter into a written agreement spelling out the scope of commitment to each other and thus minimizing the possibility of disputes and misunderstandings, 5 lists the items that should be included in a typical agreement with the foreign channel members. Items to include in an Agreement with Foreign Channel Members Name and address of both parties Date when the agreement goes into effect Duration of the agreement Provisions for extending or terminating the agreement Description of sales territory Establishment of discount and/or commission schedules and determination of when and how paid. Provisions for revising the commission or discount schedules Establishment of a policy governing resale prices Maintenance of appropriate service facilities Restrictions to prohibit the manufacture and sale of similar and competitive products Designation of responsibility for patent and trademark negotiations and/or pricing The assign ability or non-assign ability of the agreement and any limiting factors Designation of the country and state of contract jurisdiction in the case of dispute Motivation of Channel Members In order to get the best out of the international marketer and channel member relationship it is necessary that economic and non-economic incentives be used for the purpose. It may be emphasized that channel members being independent business entities, their key consideration for relationship is economic. If the channel member does not get an adequate economic return it is unlikely that he will put in his best in the business. In addition, regularity of contact, involvement in goal setting, better understanding of the international marketers business, and provision of assistance in market development or other areas of deficiency of the channel members capability prove useful for getting the channel members more than what they are generally expected to contribute. Robert Douglas Stuart suggests the following ways for strengthening the channel members loyalty: Build your distributor with your company: bring him into your picture; discuss future plans as they affect his area with him, seek his advice. Give your distributor an effective profit margin; try to keep in mind that you want to be in business with him for several years; make him want to continue the relationship. Be sure he has credit terms which make him competitive, or more so, in amount and length of payment. Maintain regular correspondence, and make sure he can clearly understand what you have to say. Make a point of commenting on successful distributors in whatever communication you use in his area (advertising, publicity, sales bulletins, and so on) Control of Channel Members Control of channel members in international distribution though difficult yet is an important aspect of its management. Accomplishment of sales targets, market coverage and development goals, payment schedules, and profit contribution made are some of the factors on which the performance of channel members is appraised and controlled. Constant monitoring, periodic reviews, regular communications and intermittent suggestions help a marketer to control its channel members and keep the marketer-channel member power balance in its favor. Legal requirements and adverse impact on reputation must be given their due weight age if and when the unavoidable decision of termination of channel member is to be taken. International Physical Distribution Management (IPDM):- Ever since globalization transformed the transport sector, national boundaries have become permeable to penetration by trade, creating the need for flexible transport solutions. Intermodalism and containerization were the by-products of this era and were poised to metamorphosis transport of general cargo, moving it `seamlessly through sea and land arteries. Forty years ago, the physical process of exporting or importing goods was arduous. Goods needed to be transported by lorry to the port, unloaded into a warehouse and then reloaded into the ship `piece by piece. The management of physical distribution of goods includes the functions as well as costs associated with packing, order taking and processing, and inventory control. Given the geographical distance, the associated business risks and the variety of transportation modes available, the management of this function poses a difficult challenge so far as the objectives of ensuring ready and regular supply of goods, in foreign markets at the most optimal costs are concerned. Physical Distribution Management, known as the dark continent of marketing offers tremendous potential in cost cutting and improving profitability. It requires the use of a systems approach and the management of the transportation, warehousing and inventory functions in an integrated manner. Containerization `Containerization, the term very familiar to present day shipping industry was a completely unknown concept a few decades back. It was Malcom McLean, owner of a huge trucking company in USA, who first conceived the idea of containerization by transporting. Containers through `Ideal X in 1956 and initiated a revolution in the history of shipping industry. Over the years, the industry has created a separate identity within the shipping world through continuous development and Maersk Lines, PO Nediloyd, Sealand Services (CSX), APL and others have come up as international majors serving customers all over the globe. The growth of containerization in India has been slow and steady. The formation of Container Corporation of India (Concor) as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Railways in 1988 boosted the efforts at increasing containerized traffic in the country. Over the years, volume of container traffic has experienced continuous growth and registered a volume of2.22 million TEUs in 1999-2000 at the major ports of India. A significant number of international container lines are active in India making business through their own office or through selected agents. Amongst the Indian shipping companies, only `The Shipping Corporation of India is active in the international liner business. It has tied up with Zim Navigation of Israel and Yang Ming Line of Taiwan to provide services on international routes. Of the 11 major ports of the country, Jawaharlal NehruPort (JNP) and Mumbai Port have. Established as the gateway ports for container traffic to India having a combined market share of around 60% of the total container traffic. Lack of adequate infrastructure in form of container handling equipment, CFS network and rail network in other ports have led to concentration of container traffic at Mumbai and JNP. Liberalization and privatization policy taken up by the Government of India has resulted into the commissioning of new ports like Adani and Pipavav. The various advantages offered by containerization include: Containers can be loaded and sealed at the consignors premises or at nearby container depot, minimizing the risk of theft. Since the goods are not directly handled during voyage, the risk of damage is minimized. Cargo can be loaded in a matter of hours rather than days the reduction in handling time at ports results in increasing berth capacity. The faster turn-round enables ships to make a higher number of annual voyages and reduces the number of necessary ships. Because of the numerous advantages, both air and water carriers encourage the use of containers by charging lower rates for containerized shipments. Conclusion:- International distribution and sales policy decision is one of the most complex aspect of international marketing management. Along with price and promotion decisions, a decision has to be made on the distribution system. There are two components to this the physical (order processing storage/warehousing and transport) and the institutional aspects. The latter involves the choice of agents, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, direct sales or sales forces. Again, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, it is in the channel of distribution that the international marketer can encounter many risks and dangers. These involve many transaction costs both apparent and hidden. Risks include loss in transit, destruction, negligence, nonpayment and so on. So careful choice and evaluation of channel partner is a necessity. Regular report on foreign markets, foreign visits, and deployment of sales force abroad and, an in-depth analysis of physical distribution cost and obstacles help a firm to streamline its international distribution, offer superior customer service, and keep distribution cost within reasonable limits. Since distribution decisions bind the marketers with their channels for long-term, its implications in terms of costs, flexibility, control and reputation must be examined carefully before committing the decision.

USA English Language :: Communication, World Language

It is accepted that the use of English language has increased steadily in the last 50 years all over the world. English language is important for travelling involves package holidays, sporting occasions, business meetings, international conventions, military occupations, academic conferences and transportation and lodgings (Crystal 2003). Some people believe that the USA economic power influenced spread of English by majority of institutions and other areas, such as UN, Hollywood and TV programmes. On the other hand, other people claim that language of English already have been used by majority of countries which is colony (Crystal 2003). This essay will firstly describe how economic power of the USA influence on spread of English to the world. Secondly, essay will point out opposing arguments that the colony of Britain. This essay will argue and indicate that truth of situation that the US English is the dominate world language nowadays. This economic power influenced institutions and organization and another area. First of all, significant number of institutions such as UN (United Nations) and IMF (International Monetary Fund), WB (World Bank) is managed their language by US English. Crystal (1997, p8) describes how â€Å"85% of international organizations now use English as one of their working language†. Therefore, 99% of European organizations are made a recent yearbook of international associations by English (Graddol, 1997). Therefore, it is clear insistence that US English is dominant world language and it affect in politician and economic of significant number of countries. In addition, there are corroborating evidence which is English of the USA is predominance globally. In 1951, Civil Aviation Organization agreed that English should be the international language for pilots and controllers (Crystal, 2003). This means that if more than one language were in use, it may cause misunderstanding. Consequently, hazard of accident would be existed. For example, in 1977, there is fearful cases the crash of two Boeing 747`s in Tenerife (Crystal, 2003). This figure indicates that US English is existed as international language closely in our living. Besides, it is believe that Internet facilitate to extend USA language. According to Crystal (2001) said that 64% of Internet hosts are to be found in the USA. Moreover, Crystal (2001, p121) pointed out: To study molecular genetics, all you need to get into Harvard University Library, the Internet and World Wide Web really only work as great unifiers if you speak English. These evidences also indicate that the dominance of the language is verbal communication of USA.

Free Brave New World Essays: Huxley and Shakespeare -- Brave New World

Huxley and Shakespeare "Do they read Shakespeare?" asked the Savage as they walked, on their way to the Bio-chemical Laboratories, past the School Library. "Certainly not," said the Head Mistress, blushing. In Aldous Huxley's â€Å"Brave New World", allusions to William Shakespeare and his works emphasize the contrast between the ""Brave New World"" and the world in Shakespeare's time and even the current time period. Enhancing the work's meaning, the allusions and character's reactions to the allusions reveal the positive and negative aspects of our society today. The main characters in "Brave New World", Lenina Crowne, Henry Foster, and Bernard Marx, live in a futuristic world where babies are mass produced in laboratories and raised to perform various functions in society. In order to assure community, stability, and identity, the basis of their world, these functions must be met and solitary amusements are discouraged. Inferring that reading Shakespeare is entertaining, people in the ""Brave New World"" have "feelies" to amuse themselves instead. To demonstrate the differenc... Free Brave New World Essays: Huxley and Shakespeare -- Brave New World Huxley and Shakespeare "Do they read Shakespeare?" asked the Savage as they walked, on their way to the Bio-chemical Laboratories, past the School Library. "Certainly not," said the Head Mistress, blushing. In Aldous Huxley's â€Å"Brave New World", allusions to William Shakespeare and his works emphasize the contrast between the ""Brave New World"" and the world in Shakespeare's time and even the current time period. Enhancing the work's meaning, the allusions and character's reactions to the allusions reveal the positive and negative aspects of our society today. The main characters in "Brave New World", Lenina Crowne, Henry Foster, and Bernard Marx, live in a futuristic world where babies are mass produced in laboratories and raised to perform various functions in society. In order to assure community, stability, and identity, the basis of their world, these functions must be met and solitary amusements are discouraged. Inferring that reading Shakespeare is entertaining, people in the ""Brave New World"" have "feelies" to amuse themselves instead. To demonstrate the differenc...

Living like weasels

Eighty seven percent of women and eighty one percent of men become parents at some point during their working lives (AUP. Org). That is a pretty high percentage of people whose lives change when they find out they are expecting a child. You suddenly become responsible for another human being. A part of that responsibility is making extremely important decisions that will affect your child's health and wellbeing, such as deciding whether or not you want to get your child vaccinated.This has been an ongoing debate for decades, but only in the last decade has it come at the forefront of American political discussion. Both sides of the debate have positives and negatives, but the real question Is: which choice Is ultimately better for your child? Whilst doing my research on this topic, I came across a very moving article by a mother who had been anta-vaccination but after doing some Intense research and collecting real science, switched over to the pro-vaccination side of the debate.Duri ng her research, she stumbled upon statistics such as: Persists killed an estimated 200,752 people annually pre-vaccination era, but only 13,506 annually post-vaccination era. That is a 93% decrease in deaths. Hepatitis B killed 66,232 people annually pre vaccination era, but only 11,269 annually post-vaccination era. That is an 83% decrease. This mother is very happy with her decision to switch over, and even goes as far as saying â€Å"l was terribly wrong about vaccines, and I'm thankful my girls never caught not blindly following what others putting my trust in science, and discovering who were really my friends all along (Sandals). Not only does this mother believe vaccination is the way to go, but so do a large number of doctors. I found one specific article, written by a practicing physician, Robert Pearl, that was also quite convincing when I was gathering research for the pro-vaccination side of this hot debate. He opens his essay with a very eye opening statement that jus t breaks your heart: â€Å"There is nothing more disheartening for a physician than watching a patient die from a preventable cause (Pearl). † According to Dir.Pearl, the vaccines used in our day and age have minimal risks and safe track records. They undergo rigorous testing, and have proven their effectiveness in clinical trials (Pearl). A great reason for why people should be vaccinated is that it prevents the spread of extremely dangerous diseases. Before the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963, hundreds of thousands of people in the U. S. Contracted the disease annually; but since 1963, reported cases fell to less than a thousand a year.Things began to change In 1998 when a British physician published a study that falsely asserted a investigation into the work revealed the the research was unethical and full of conflicts of interest. The article was filled with false data, and the health care risks described have been discredited. However, the damage had been don e. In the U. S. , new measles cases have tripled as of 2013 (Pearl). I also found more than ten other reasons supporting vaccinations for children/people on the website Procom. Org.Pro-vaccination supporters believe that no individual should have the right to risk the health of the public solely for the purpose of satisfying their personal moral, philosophical, or religious views. There is also the concept of â€Å"herd immunity' within pro-vaccination: since some individuals that have been vaccinated may still get sick when exposed to infected individuals, 75% – 94% of the population (depending on the disease) must be vaccinated to achieve â€Å"herd immunity. † When herd immunity is achieved the number of minimized individuals is high enough to prevent the spread of disease through the population.In response to the claim that vaccines are linked to autism, pro-vaccine supports say that many studies, including one done by researchers at the Centers for Disease Contro l and Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, all reject the hypothesis that temporal, a mercury-based preservative in vaccines, causes autism. To furthermore provide evidence that there is no connection between autism and vaccines, in the case of Mead v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, on March 12th, 2010, the US Court of Federal Claims ruled that the â€Å"theory of vaccine-related causation [of autism]† is scientifically unsupportable.Another main concern for pro-vaccination supporters is the spread of the human papilla virus (HIP). They believe that girls between the ages of 11 and 12 should be required to get the human papilla virus (HIP) vaccine because it protects against four strains of HIP – two of which cause cervical cancer. In the US, cervical cancer is the second leading cancer killer of women. The HIP vaccine can stop these deaths and should be given to all girls fore they become sexually active and have the potential to contract HIP (Pr ocom. Org).The case for pro-vaccination is extremely convincing. However, there is a whole other side to the debate: the anti-vaccination supporters. There are many people who completely believe that vaccines do more harm than good, and that vaccination should not be required for children/adults. According to the International Medical Council on Vaccination, among the top ten reasons to say no to vaccination are reasons such as â€Å"health cannot come through a needle,† â€Å"like bee stings and doses of incline, you can have many vaccines without a reaction†¦ UT the next one can be deadly,† and that â€Å"each shot is Russian Roulette; you never know which chamber has the bullet that could kill you (Tenement). † According to Dir. Sherries Tenement, who is a doctor of osteopathy and the director and founder of Esteemed II, vaccine safety studies are short and inconclusive, and are performed on children who are not ill and not on medication, in other words, by to all children and all adults, even those who have been chronically sick and on different types of medication, so we don't really know until that happens what the rue clinical trial is around safety (Tenement).Furthermore, Dir. Tenement defines the true meaning of effective in regards to its usage in the phrase â€Å"vaccines are safe and effective†. What effective really means, in this case, is that a substance is shot into a body, and then creates an antibody. There is a leap in assumption though, that simply because you have the antibody, it will protect you and keep from getting sick. In reality, a lot of information out there leads us to believe that we don't really know what antibody means. Does they mean that you're chronically sick? Does it mean you've had an exposure?Does it mean you've had a certain level of protective antibody but you still get sick? Effective doesn't necessarily translate into protecting you from getting sick (Tenement). Doctor Merely NAS tal ks about the Guardrails controversy in one of her interviews from a anti-vaccination point of view. She states that she doesn't know how other doctors can prescribe something like Guardrails, when it is impossible to figure out what the risk benefit equation is (NAS). Her views support a claim I came across on the Procom. Org website, stating that young girls should not receive mandatory vaccination for HIP.According to the organization, the long-term effects are unknown. Since approval, adverse side effects such as severe allergic reactions, Guilin-Barr © syndrome, spinal cord inflammation and pancreatic have been reported to the US Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. Although these adverse reactions may be rare, they are not worth the risk since the vaccine only protects against two of the many strains of HIP that may cause cancer of the cervix I came across countless other supporting arguments for the anti-vaccinations side of this debate. Many parents hold religious belie fs against vaccination.Forcing parents o vaccinate their children would violate the 1st Amendment of the U. S. Constitution which guarantees citizens the right to the free exercise of their religion. Vaccines also interfere with natural law and God's plan for humanity. Disease is a natural occurrence, and humans should not interfere with its trajectory. Additionally, vaccines can trigger autoimmune disorders such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and Guilin-Barr © Syndrome (GABS). Vaccines can also cause brain inflammation, which can lead to death or permanent brain damage and disorders such as autism, ADD/ADD, and other developmental problems.Their argument supporting the link between vaccines and autism states that the vaccine additive temporal (found in most pre-1999 vaccines) has been associated specifically with the development of autism and is still found in certain macroeconomic, tetanus, and flu vaccines such as the HI IN vaccine. Lastly, a main argument for the ant i- vaccination supporters is that children should not receive the hepatitis B vaccine because Hepatitis B is a bloodstone disease and is primarily spread by sexual intercourse and intravenous drug use, therefore children are not at great risk of contracting the disease (Procom. G). Many decades. The purpose of this essay is not to sway you towards either side of the debate, but to inform you about the arguments and supporting reasons that each side has to allow you to form your own opinion and decision about whether or not to vaccinate your kids and/or yourself. Both sides of the debate have many convincing and shocking facts, but in the end, it comes down to who you personally agree with more, and which research that you find is the most credible and trustworthy. Good luck all! Works Cited Merely NAS on Vaccines. Dir. Null, Gary. Prod. Null Gary. Peer. NAS, Merely. 2012. Youth. Com. Living like weasels Eighty seven percent of women and eighty one percent of men become parents at some point during their working lives (AUP. Org). That is a pretty high percentage of people whose lives change when they find out they are expecting a child. You suddenly become responsible for another human being. A part of that responsibility is making extremely important decisions that will affect your child's health and wellbeing, such as deciding whether or not you want to get your child vaccinated.This has been an ongoing debate for decades, but only in the last decade has it come at the forefront of American political discussion. Both sides of the debate have positives and negatives, but the real question Is: which choice Is ultimately better for your child? Whilst doing my research on this topic, I came across a very moving article by a mother who had been anta-vaccination but after doing some Intense research and collecting real science, switched over to the pro-vaccination side of the debate.Duri ng her research, she stumbled upon statistics such as: Persists killed an estimated 200,752 people annually pre-vaccination era, but only 13,506 annually post-vaccination era. That is a 93% decrease in deaths. Hepatitis B killed 66,232 people annually pre vaccination era, but only 11,269 annually post-vaccination era. That is an 83% decrease. This mother is very happy with her decision to switch over, and even goes as far as saying â€Å"l was terribly wrong about vaccines, and I'm thankful my girls never caught not blindly following what others putting my trust in science, and discovering who were really my friends all along (Sandals). Not only does this mother believe vaccination is the way to go, but so do a large number of doctors. I found one specific article, written by a practicing physician, Robert Pearl, that was also quite convincing when I was gathering research for the pro-vaccination side of this hot debate. He opens his essay with a very eye opening statement that jus t breaks your heart: â€Å"There is nothing more disheartening for a physician than watching a patient die from a preventable cause (Pearl). † According to Dir.Pearl, the vaccines used in our day and age have minimal risks and safe track records. They undergo rigorous testing, and have proven their effectiveness in clinical trials (Pearl). A great reason for why people should be vaccinated is that it prevents the spread of extremely dangerous diseases. Before the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963, hundreds of thousands of people in the U. S. Contracted the disease annually; but since 1963, reported cases fell to less than a thousand a year.Things began to change In 1998 when a British physician published a study that falsely asserted a investigation into the work revealed the the research was unethical and full of conflicts of interest. The article was filled with false data, and the health care risks described have been discredited. However, the damage had been don e. In the U. S. , new measles cases have tripled as of 2013 (Pearl). I also found more than ten other reasons supporting vaccinations for children/people on the website Procom. Org.Pro-vaccination supporters believe that no individual should have the right to risk the health of the public solely for the purpose of satisfying their personal moral, philosophical, or religious views. There is also the concept of â€Å"herd immunity' within pro-vaccination: since some individuals that have been vaccinated may still get sick when exposed to infected individuals, 75% – 94% of the population (depending on the disease) must be vaccinated to achieve â€Å"herd immunity. † When herd immunity is achieved the number of minimized individuals is high enough to prevent the spread of disease through the population.In response to the claim that vaccines are linked to autism, pro-vaccine supports say that many studies, including one done by researchers at the Centers for Disease Contro l and Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, all reject the hypothesis that temporal, a mercury-based preservative in vaccines, causes autism. To furthermore provide evidence that there is no connection between autism and vaccines, in the case of Mead v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, on March 12th, 2010, the US Court of Federal Claims ruled that the â€Å"theory of vaccine-related causation [of autism]† is scientifically unsupportable.Another main concern for pro-vaccination supporters is the spread of the human papilla virus (HIP). They believe that girls between the ages of 11 and 12 should be required to get the human papilla virus (HIP) vaccine because it protects against four strains of HIP – two of which cause cervical cancer. In the US, cervical cancer is the second leading cancer killer of women. The HIP vaccine can stop these deaths and should be given to all girls fore they become sexually active and have the potential to contract HIP (Pr ocom. Org).The case for pro-vaccination is extremely convincing. However, there is a whole other side to the debate: the anti-vaccination supporters. There are many people who completely believe that vaccines do more harm than good, and that vaccination should not be required for children/adults. According to the International Medical Council on Vaccination, among the top ten reasons to say no to vaccination are reasons such as â€Å"health cannot come through a needle,† â€Å"like bee stings and doses of incline, you can have many vaccines without a reaction†¦ UT the next one can be deadly,† and that â€Å"each shot is Russian Roulette; you never know which chamber has the bullet that could kill you (Tenement). † According to Dir. Sherries Tenement, who is a doctor of osteopathy and the director and founder of Esteemed II, vaccine safety studies are short and inconclusive, and are performed on children who are not ill and not on medication, in other words, by to all children and all adults, even those who have been chronically sick and on different types of medication, so we don't really know until that happens what the rue clinical trial is around safety (Tenement).Furthermore, Dir. Tenement defines the true meaning of effective in regards to its usage in the phrase â€Å"vaccines are safe and effective†. What effective really means, in this case, is that a substance is shot into a body, and then creates an antibody. There is a leap in assumption though, that simply because you have the antibody, it will protect you and keep from getting sick. In reality, a lot of information out there leads us to believe that we don't really know what antibody means. Does they mean that you're chronically sick? Does it mean you've had an exposure?Does it mean you've had a certain level of protective antibody but you still get sick? Effective doesn't necessarily translate into protecting you from getting sick (Tenement). Doctor Merely NAS tal ks about the Guardrails controversy in one of her interviews from a anti-vaccination point of view. She states that she doesn't know how other doctors can prescribe something like Guardrails, when it is impossible to figure out what the risk benefit equation is (NAS). Her views support a claim I came across on the Procom. Org website, stating that young girls should not receive mandatory vaccination for HIP.According to the organization, the long-term effects are unknown. Since approval, adverse side effects such as severe allergic reactions, Guilin-Barr © syndrome, spinal cord inflammation and pancreatic have been reported to the US Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. Although these adverse reactions may be rare, they are not worth the risk since the vaccine only protects against two of the many strains of HIP that may cause cancer of the cervix I came across countless other supporting arguments for the anti-vaccinations side of this debate. Many parents hold religious belie fs against vaccination.Forcing parents o vaccinate their children would violate the 1st Amendment of the U. S. Constitution which guarantees citizens the right to the free exercise of their religion. Vaccines also interfere with natural law and God's plan for humanity. Disease is a natural occurrence, and humans should not interfere with its trajectory. Additionally, vaccines can trigger autoimmune disorders such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and Guilin-Barr © Syndrome (GABS). Vaccines can also cause brain inflammation, which can lead to death or permanent brain damage and disorders such as autism, ADD/ADD, and other developmental problems.Their argument supporting the link between vaccines and autism states that the vaccine additive temporal (found in most pre-1999 vaccines) has been associated specifically with the development of autism and is still found in certain macroeconomic, tetanus, and flu vaccines such as the HI IN vaccine. Lastly, a main argument for the ant i- vaccination supporters is that children should not receive the hepatitis B vaccine because Hepatitis B is a bloodstone disease and is primarily spread by sexual intercourse and intravenous drug use, therefore children are not at great risk of contracting the disease (Procom. G). Many decades. The purpose of this essay is not to sway you towards either side of the debate, but to inform you about the arguments and supporting reasons that each side has to allow you to form your own opinion and decision about whether or not to vaccinate your kids and/or yourself. Both sides of the debate have many convincing and shocking facts, but in the end, it comes down to who you personally agree with more, and which research that you find is the most credible and trustworthy. Good luck all! Works Cited Merely NAS on Vaccines. Dir. Null, Gary. Prod. Null Gary. Peer. NAS, Merely. 2012. Youth. Com.

Soma

These soma-styled drugs have a very negative effect on an individual and society. Instead of trying to fix problems naturally, people go to pills because it takes less energy and less time. Some people feel that taking less energy to become happy Is a benefit, when it's actually the total opposite. Honestly, I think that mood-altering drugs are one of the factors for obesity In America today.The fact that people are taking pills to be happy instead of exercising and eating right makes America lazy. One of the most common mood-altering drugs used In the U. S. Today Is Ability. Affably is used for mood disorders such as, bipolar, schizophrenia, and Irritability. Ability can also be used with other medications to treat depression. Another common mood- altering drug In America Is Eluvia. Eluvia helps Improve mood and feelings of well- being. It also relieves anxiety and tension, helps you sleep better, and Increases your energy level.Although, both of these drugs can make a person feel b etter they come with negative side effects such as, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, weight gain, blurred vision, constipation, etc. These drugs can relate to soma because Just like soma, theses drugs are taken when someone feels Internally unbalanced. In the novel Brave New World by Aloud Huxley the people of the World State took the drug soma when they felt unhappy. Soma made the citizens of the world state very calm and careless. The best part about soma Is that unlike the mood-altering drugs of today, It doesn't have any side effects.The bad part about soma Is that an Individual could overdose, then eventually die If they use way too much. Advertisement for these drugs poorly shows the side effects of the drugs they are trying to sell, which Is understandable for an advertisement. The side effects In the Interview are usually In a very small font at the bottom on the advertisement, and when being read It goes by very fast. The people selling these drugs know that these d rugs only help people momentarily, and the only way to fix most of these cases comes from within, durably. Energy and less time.Some people feel that taking less energy to become happy is a drugs are one of the factors for obesity in America today. The fact that people are One of the most common mood-altering drugs used in the U. S. Today is Ability. Ability is used for mood disorders such as, bipolar, schizophrenia, and irritability. Ability can altering drug in America is Eluvia. Eluvia helps improve mood and feelings of well- being. It also relieves anxiety and tension, helps you sleep better, and increases your eke soma, theses drugs are taken when someone feels internally unbalanced.In the and careless. The best part about soma is that unlike the mood-altering drugs of today, it doesn't have any side effects. The bad part about soma is that an individual could overdose, then eventually die if they use way too much. Advertisement for these drugs poorly shows the side effects of the drugs they are trying to sell, which is understandable for an advertisement. The side effects in the interview are usually in a very small font at the bottom on the advertisement, and when being read it goes by

Qualitative Cation Tests Essay

Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Observations Questions A. Write net ionic equations for all reactions that produce a precipitate. Ag+(aq.) + Cl-(aq.) —-ïÆ'   AgCl (s) 2 Ag+(aq.)+ 2OH- —ïÆ'   Ag2O (s) + H2O(l) 2 Ag+(aq.)+2NH3+ H2O(l) —ïÆ'   Ag2O (s)+ 2NH4+ (aq.) Pb2+(aq.)+2Cl- (aq.) —-ïÆ'   PbCl2(s) Pb2+(aq.)+2OH-(aq.) —-ïÆ'  Pb(OH)2 (s) Pb2+(aq.)+ 2NH3(aq.)+ H2O(l) —ïÆ'   Pb(OH)2 (s)+ 2NH4+ (aq.) Cu2+(aq.) +2OH-(aq.) —-ïÆ'   Cu(OH)2 (s) 2Cu2+(aq.)+SO42- (aq.) +2NH3(aq.)+2 H2O(l) —–ïÆ'   Cu(OH)2.CuSO4(s) +2NH4+ (aq.) Zn2+ (aq.)+ 2OH- (aq.) —-ïÆ'   Zn(OH)2 (s) Zn2+ (aq.)+2NH3(aq.)+ H2O(l) —ïÆ'   Ag2O (s)+ 2NH4+ (aq.) Fe3+ (aq.)+ 3OH- (aq.) —-ïÆ'   Fe(OH)3(s) Fe3+ (aq.)+ 3NH3(aq.)+ 3H2O(l) —ïÆ'   Fe(OH)3(s)+ 3NH4+ (aq.) Pb2+(aq.)+ CrO42-(aq.) PbCrO4(s) 2Cu2+(aq.)+[Fe(CN)6]4- (aq.) —–ïÆ'  Cu2[Fe(CN)6] (s) Zn2+(aq.) + S2-(aq) —–ïÆ'   ZnS(s) 4Fe3+ (aq.)+3[Fe(CN)6]4- (aq.) —-ïÆ'  Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (s) Ca2+(aq) + ( COO)22-(aq) —–ïÆ'   Ca(COO)2 (s) B. Identify the cations that precipitate with hydrochloric acid and dissolve in the presence of ammonia. Ag+ C. Identify the cations that precipitate with hydrochloric acid and do not redissolve in the presence of ammonia. Pb2+ D. Identify the cations that precipitate upon addition of two or three drops of sodium hydroxide but redissolve upon addition of excess sodium hydroxide. Pb2+,Zn2+ E. Identify the cations that precipitate upon addition of two or three drops of sodium hydroxide and are not affected by additional sodium hydroxide. Ag+,Cu2+,Fe3+ F.Identify the cations that precipitate upon addition of two or three drops of aqueous ammonia but redissolve upon addition of excess aqueous ammonia. Ag+,Cu2+,Zn2+ G. Identify the cations that precipitate upon addition of two or three drops of aqueous ammonia and are not affected additional aqueous ammonia. Pb2+,Fe3+ H. What simple test would distinguish Ag+ and Cu2+ ? Upon addition of two or three drops of aqueous ammonia, Ag+ produces brown ppt, which is soluble in the excess reagent, resulting in clear, colorless solution. Upon addition of two or three drops of aqueous ammonia, Cu2+ produces blue ppt, which is soluble in the excess reagent but produces dark blue solution.